Dry Socket: Aetiology, Treatment and Prevention: A Meta Analysis Study

Abstract

Background: Alveolar osteitis (dry socket) remains one of the most frequent postoperative complications following tooth extraction, often characterized by severe pain and delayed healing. Recent studies have explored various biological and pharmacological materials to enhance socket healing and reduce pain intensity. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the therapeutic efficacy of different interventions including platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), hyaluronic acid, and conventional treatments in reducing postoperative pain associated with established alveolar osteitis. Methods: A comparative analysis was conducted using data extracted from recent clinical trials. The primary outcome was the reduction in pain intensity at Day 7 post-treatment, assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Mean differences between intervention and control groups were calculated, and potential publication bias was evaluated through a funnel plot. Results: Across six included studies (n = 30–75 per arm), all biologically active interventions demonstrated significant reductions in pain compared with conventional controls. Mean VAS differences ranged from −0.60 to −1.10 (p < 0.05), favoring PRF and hyaluronic acid treatments. The funnel plot indicated symmetrical distribution, suggesting low publication bias and consistent treatment effects across studies. Conclusion: Biologically based therapies, particularly injectable and membrane forms of PRF, show superior efficacy in alleviating pain and promoting healing in alveolar osteitis compared with traditional management. These findings support the integration of regenerative materials into routine post-extraction care for enhanced patient outcomes.