Interaction Between Light Spectra and Phytohormones
Keywords:
Light spectra, phytohormones, plant physiology, photoreceptors, greenhouse, photosynthesis, phytochrome, cryptochromeAbstract
Light and phytohormones are key regulators of plant growth, development, and adaptation. Their interaction forms the basis of plant physiology, integrating external environmental cues with internal hormonal responses. While individual effects of light spectra and phytohormones have been extensively studied, understanding their synergistic relationship in growth regulation remains an emerging research focus, especially for application in controlled environments. There is limited integration of light spectrum-phytohormone interaction knowledge into practical greenhouse and vertical farming technologies to optimize growth and productivity. This study aims to analyze how different light wavelengths, including red, blue, and far-red, influence the biosynthesis and action of major phytohormones—auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene—in plant systems. The analysis shows that red light promotes auxin-mediated cell elongation; blue light limits gibberellin production, resulting in compact growth; far-red light increases auxin and ethylene, enhancing elongation but risking structural weakness. Low light induces ABA and ethylene, slowing growth and promoting leaf abscission. This article synthesizes the biochemical pathways linking light perception to hormonal regulation and proposes practical applications for optimizing lighting strategies in greenhouses and vertical farms. Understanding these interactions allows for targeted crop management, development of stress-resilient varieties, and maximizing yield in artificial environments, addressing food security challenges in resource-constrained regions.
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